In the 17th to 19th centuries, the religious founders – St John Baptist de La Salle, Bd Nicolas Barré, St Magdalene of Canossa, St Louis Marie de Montfort and St Marcellin Champagnat – established schools for destitute children in Europe. Many of them had become vagrants on the streets and had fallen into delinquency and crime. Education would give them the necessary skills to make an honest living and religious education would provide moral formation.
Religious orders first established schools as a charitable work, in response to the needs of the poor, in a time when states did not see it as their role to provide education to the masses. When the Church expanded its mission to the New World, schools also served the mission of evangelization. Indeed, in schools many Catholic children received their formation in the faith, and many were converted and baptized.
In Singapore, Catholic schools can trace their beginnings to the arrival of Fr Jean-Marie Beurel, MEP, in 1839. As soon as he was appointed leader of the Catholic Mission on the island, he was determined to establish Catholic schools, convinced that schools were a necessity for the evangelization of Singapore. In the early years, the British East India Company was more concerned with its own business interests than the education of the locals. However, it later realized that a better-educated people could also contribute to its business interests, and saw in Christian missionaries partners who would take on this responsibility. Anglican and Methodist missionaries set up the first schools in the Straits Settlements.
Fr Beurel recognized that, if Catholic schools were not established, children would be forced to attend schools of other denominations. He wrote to the Superior-General of the La Salle Brothers and on a visit to Paris secured the services of four Sisters of the Congregation of the Charitable Sisters of the Holy Infant Jesus. They opened the first Catholic schools in Singapore in 1852 and 1854 respectively.
Since the first schools were established here, there has always been a tension between secular and religious education. A balance has always been found based on two principles – that religious education is good for moral development, and that religious schools must be open to all, even as students are not compelled to attend religious classes. Since independence in 1965, the widespread investment in education as well as Singapore’s commitment to secularism has often elicited the question: Why does a secular Singaporean state need Catholic schools? What do they offer that is different from secular schools?
According to MOE’s mission and vision statement of 2007, the aim of education is to ‘acquire the skills and knowledge, as well as the right values and attitude to assure the survival and success of the individual and country’.
The uniqueness of the Catholic vision sees a reality beyond individual and country. The Vatican II Declaration on Christian Education Gravissimum Educationis declares that while the state has its legitimate purposes and objectives, the Church has the mandate ‘of proclaiming the mystery of salvation to all people. The Church must be concerned with the whole of a person’s life, even the secular part of it insofar as it has a bearing on one’s heavenly calling. Therefore, she has a role in the progress and development of education.’ Catholic education aims not only to form persons to survive and to attain success in this life, but it ‘aims at the formation of the human person in the pursuit of his or her ultimate end and of the good of society’. The Church’s fundamental mission is proclaiming the Kingdom of God and shaping the secular society with the values of the Kingdom, a Kingdom that has begun on this earth but finds its ultimate fulfilment only in the transcendent and eternal. Hence, the Dogmatic Constitution on the Church Lumen Gentium explains that the Church also works to establish the Kingdom by engaging in temporal affairs, directing them to God’s will and thereby sanctifying the world.
Catholic schools are called to be the salt of the earth and light to the world, the lamp that will light the whole house (Matthew 5:13–16). Catholic schools have as their mission the provision not only of quality education but of holistic development – educating people of all faiths to serve their nation and humanity, but ultimately God and God’s Kingdom.
References
Dicastery for Catholic Education. The Identity of the Catholic School for a Culture of Dialogue. 2022.
Fernandez, Valentina. Catholic teachers and the teaching of Religious Education in Catholic Schools in Singapore: A qualitative study across schools of six religious teaching orders. 2009. University of Western Australia, MEd Thesis.
Second Vatican Ecumenical Council. Gravissimum Educationis. 1965.
Second Vatican Ecumenical Council. Lumen Gentium. 1964.
Wijeysingha, Eugene. Going Forth, The Catholic Church in Singapore 1819–2004. Singapore.